Doffing the cycling cap to some of the less glamorous bike components.....
#6 Disc brake pad bolt retaining clips
These provide the final level of security. The disc brake pads are often held in the calliper by a bolt which might only be tightened to very low torque. A retaining clip fits around a smaller diameter section of the bolt to prevent it from coming out if it has worked loose.
A split pin is sometimes used instead of a bolt.
Maintenance tips
Keep a spare- they can be lively little fellas when being removed!